Ions migrate across the cell membrane of cardiac muscle cells as part of the physiological mechanisms that underlie a normal ECG. Calcium, potassium, and sodium are some of these ions. The passage of potassium ions (K+) out of the cell and sodium ions (Na+) into the cell causes the cardiac action potential to be produced. An electrical gradient is produced across the cell membrane as a result of the ion migration. The cell membrane of cardiac muscle cells has a negative charge on the inside and a positive charge on the exterior when the heart is at rest. Ions moving across the cell membrane produce this charge gradient. The term "ionic current" refers to the flow of ions through a cell membrane (Aronov, 2007) etc Assignment help
Phase 0, Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3 are the four phases of the cardiac action potential.
Phase 0 is known as the depolarization phase, in which the resting value of the cell membrane potential is rapidly decreased.
Phase 1 is the early re polarization phase, during which the cell membrane potential starts to rise as potassium ions flow out of the cell, and this phase is induced by the entrance of sodium ions into the cell through voltage-gated sodium channels. Fore more Assignment help
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